Children and adolescents

A study by Portillo-Reyes et al. (2014) examined the effects of omega-3 fatty acids in children aged 8 to 12 years with mild to moderate malnutrition over a period of three months. The results showed that more than 50% of the children who received daily omega-3 supplements experienced significant improvements in 11 out of 18 neuropsychological functions. Notably, 70% of the children in the omega-3 group demonstrated enhanced processing speed, better visuomotor coordination, and improved attention compared to the placebo group.

Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are essential building blocks for the brain. DHA makes up about 25% of the brain's fat content and contributes to the formation and function of synapses, which influence information processing in the brain. A Swedish study by Johnson et al. (2017) involving 154 children aged 9 to 10 years found that omega-3 supplementation over three to six months led to improved reading skills and better processing of visual stimuli. Children with attention difficulties benefited the most from the supplementation.

The effects of omega-3 fatty acids on children with ADHD are particularly interesting. A systematic review by Chang et al. (2018) found that omega-3 supplements, especially those with a higher EPA content, can significantly improve ADHD symptoms. EPA appears to be particularly beneficial in reducing inattention and hyperactivity. Studies have shown that children with ADHD often have lower blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids, which correlate with more severe ADHD symptoms.

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and Swiss reference values for nutrient intake recommend the following daily intake of EPA and DHA:
• Children under 1 year: 100 mg DHA
• Children between 1 and 18 years: 250 mg EPA/DHA

It is important to note that omega-3 fatty acids are not a miracle cure. A balanced diet rich in omega-3 sources such as fish, nuts, and leafy green vegetables is ideal. If dietary intake alone is insufficient, supplements may be considered, but always in consultation with a doctor. Since children often struggle with swallowing capsules, alternative forms of omega-3 supplementation are available. Liquid preparations are easy to dose and can be mixed with drinks or food. Chewable gummies or sticks also offer an alternative to capsules and can help children get the necessary omega-3 fatty acids.